Russia, officially known as the Russian Federation, is the largest country in the world by land area, spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It shares borders with 14 countries and has a diverse landscape, including vast plains, forests, mountains, and tundra. Moscow is the capital and largest city, while Saint Petersburg is another prominent cultural and economic hub.Russia has a rich history, dating back to the Kievan Rus' period in the Middle Ages, followed by the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and later the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia emerged as an independent state. It has since transitioned into a federal semi-presidential republic.Economically, Russia is a major player in global energy markets, particularly in oil and natural gas. It's also rich in minerals and metals. However, its economy faces challenges such as corruption, economic sanctions, and dependence on commodity exports.Politically, Russia has been led by President Vladimir Putin since 1999, initially as prime minister and later as president. Putin's leadership style and policies have drawn both domestic and international attention and criticism.Culturally, Russia has a rich heritage in literature, music, dance, and visual arts. Some of the world's most renowned authors, composers, and artists hail from Russia, including Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, and Wassily Kandinsky. Russian cuisine, with dishes like borscht, pelmeni, and blini, is also notable..It is a Permanent member of the united nation of the SecurityCouncil, a member of the G20,theSCO,the Council of Europe,the APEC,the OSCE,the IIB and WTO,as well the leading member of the CIS,the CSTO,and the EAEU.